Nano in this sense is only a measurement. Although modern nanoscience is relatively new, nanoscale materials have been used for centuries. In the international System of Units, the prefix "nano" means one-billionth. Therefore one nanometre is one-billionth of a metre. It is difficult to imagine just how small that is so here are some examples: A sheet of paper is 100,000 nanometers thick. A strand of human DNA is 2.5 nanometers in diameter. In just one inch there are 25,400,000 nanometers. Nano refers to the size of the particles in the Nano Minerals which are single atoms or several atoms in clusters and are already at the size where they can be used by the body and do not need to be broken down further.

Its always best to take them on an empty stomach, about 20 - 30 minutes before eating. Its recommended to hold the product in your mouth for a few minutes before swallowing to help aid absoption through the soft tissue in the mouth (swirl it around in your mouth). Most people take their Nano products first thing in the morning or in the evening.

Nano minerals can be taken one after the other without any problem. Best to take on an empty stomach, 20 minutes before food. Hold in the mouth for a minute or so before swallowing (ideal is to swish it around in the mouth). Always read the label.

Yes. But you may or may not need to. It depends on the body. Just like you need a varied diet (because the food you eat should contain different nutrients your body needs over time) your body's need for the nano minerals will vary. It is recommended to work with a practitioner who can do various forms of testing (vitamin and mineral levels) etc. or consult your health care provider. But there is no problem with using nano minerals all year around. In fact, new reports from the WHO indicate depletion of iron and magnesium from our soils, and hence from our foods. So supplementing the standard diet correctly with additional nutrients may be considered necessary.

The nano mineral waters can be given to pets. You can pour a small amount into their drinking water. Anecdotally, we find they drink the water with the mineral in if they need it and won't drink it if they don't. That's our experience but not a "tried and true" test of course!

Advice to take iron every other day is based mainly on conventional iron salts such as ferrous sulphate. These release a relatively large amount of soluble iron quickly, which can raise hepcidin — a hormone that temporarily reduces further iron absorption.

Nano Iron has a different particle, ionisation and absorption profile. Rather than releasing a large amount of soluble iron into the digestive system at once, it may make iron available more gradually and through different absorption pathways. The same alternate-day guidance therefore cannot automatically be applied to Nano Iron.

However, direct human research comparing the hepcidin response to nano iron and conventional iron salts remains limited. Follow the directions on the bottle unless your doctor or another qualified healthcare professional has advised you differently.

Phytates are natural compounds found in foods including wholegrains, pulses, nuts and seeds. They can bind to conventional forms of iron in the digestive system and reduce their absorption.

Nano Iron is formulated as protected, nano-sized particles rather than free soluble iron. This means it may be less exposed to phytates during the early stages of digestion and absorption, so phytates are expected to have less effect than they do on conventional iron salts. It cannot yet be said that they have no effect at all.

For the most cautious approach, take Nano Iron in the morning before eating and leave around two hours between taking it and eating phytate-rich foods. Hold it in the mouth for 30 seconds to one minute, as directed. You can scan the QR code on the front of the bottle for full instructions.